The Catcher in the Rye and The Adventures of Huckleberrry Finn Essay Example For Students

The Catcher in the Rye and The Adventures of Huckleberrry Finn Essay In recent times there has been a considerable amount of media attention surrounding the movement of the youth culture. The topic of teenagers growing up in a violent and consumerist culture has been a hot topic as there has been growing concern over the adult issues that teenagers are forced to deal with in today s society. Generation after generation there has been a division between the rebellious nature of the youth and the adult world. The Catcher in the Rye and The Adventures of Huckleberrry Finn although written in two different eras attempt to capture the essence of youth and explores the central theme of the journey of the adolescent into adulthood. The two central figures of the novels Holden Caulfeld and Huck Finn reflect this central theme through the realities of the contrasting world s they have created and the experiences they encounter. The two novels take place in different eras, Catcher in the Rye tells the story of Holden exploring the modern New York society made up of different social classes and people from every walk of life. We will write a custom essay on The Catcher in the Rye and The Adventures of Huckleberrry Finn specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Huck Finn explores the world of the Mississippi river in the 1800 s during a time of slavery and also in the midst of the industrial revolution. Both these characters deal with two contrasting worlds on one hand a world filled with materialism, phoniness and urbanization and on the other hand a rural world that is not yet urbanized however has the elements of corruption that are taking form in the midst of modernization. Holden confronts characters that are a product of a modern city such as pimps, hookers, actors and overall a collection of phony people who thrive on worldly possessions and materialism. Huck Finn however deals with different characters who do not share qualities of urban intelligence but show a more natural form of human evil that is not influenced by the wickedness of the city. These characters are a representation of the kinds of people that were the reality of the Mississippi in those times. Holden and Huck deal with adult worlds from different times and different societies and therefor the view each character has towards life differ. However with the different social realities of the two figures they still struggle to understand the adult worlds they observe. Both characters in the midst of a modern and a rural society still encounter corruption, hypocrisy and a world that generally still has faults and evils lurking beneath the people who surround them. Holden is necessarily one of the modern American descendants of Huck Finn, as once said by a critic. Both characters depict the adolescent youth for their generations and eras however both characters are different in their attitudes towards life and the world. Holden is a 16 year old boy that has a contempt for the phony world that encompasses him. His contempt is a result of his cynical view towards everyone and everything he observes and encounters in his experiences. Huck on the other hand is more innocent and childlike as he is warm hearted and in search of adventure. Holden holds the view that everyone in society is phony and protests anything related to phoniness. He hates television, movies, actors and Hollywood as they all represent a phony society. He goes on to comment on Hamlet as a, sad, screwed up guy who should be portrayed that way and not as a goddamn general. This indicates Holden s cynicism and his contempt for phoniness. Huck does not make observations or any criticisms on the corruption of the society around him other than the fact that he says he can not understand much of the ill treatment and behaviour of many individuals. Instead of criticizing or judging the people around him he seeks to create justice in a world of injustice. He sets out to do this by helping his pal Jim a black runaway slave reach his destination of freedom. Huck is too young to understand as much of the world as Holden does and does not have any concrete opinions on the reality that surrounds him. .u4b386207dc555204dd6aaa945109ca27 , .u4b386207dc555204dd6aaa945109ca27 .postImageUrl , .u4b386207dc555204dd6aaa945109ca27 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u4b386207dc555204dd6aaa945109ca27 , .u4b386207dc555204dd6aaa945109ca27:hover , .u4b386207dc555204dd6aaa945109ca27:visited , .u4b386207dc555204dd6aaa945109ca27:active { border:0!important; } .u4b386207dc555204dd6aaa945109ca27 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u4b386207dc555204dd6aaa945109ca27 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u4b386207dc555204dd6aaa945109ca27:active , .u4b386207dc555204dd6aaa945109ca27:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u4b386207dc555204dd6aaa945109ca27 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u4b386207dc555204dd6aaa945109ca27 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u4b386207dc555204dd6aaa945109ca27 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u4b386207dc555204dd6aaa945109ca27 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u4b386207dc555204dd6aaa945109ca27:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u4b386207dc555204dd6aaa945109ca27 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u4b386207dc555204dd6aaa945109ca27 .u4b386207dc555204dd6aaa945109ca27-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u4b386207dc555204dd6aaa945109ca27:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Love Song EssayThis is the reason for his innocence and naivete. Holden and Huck both resist to be affected and influenced by the adult world s around them. Holden with his negative attitude and anti-social behaviour refuses to conform with the rest of society. He sets himself apart from the mass of the population criticizng the world for all their faults. He is at the age where he must mature and make the transition into adulthood however he struggles with the hopelessness of the hypocritical world and cannot bring himself to materialize into a man. Huck is a few years younger than Holden and is not yet at the stage where he must make the transition into adulthood however it is first time being exposed to a world beyond his reality and sees the adult world for the first time. He stays youthful with a sense of charm and adventure and combats the adult thieves and hoodlums of the world in the 1800 s. Holden and Huck are also symbols of the all American youth. They are rebellious as they will not listen to any authority figures like parents, teachers and the social norms that are presented upon them. Holden is kicked out of school and Huck is willing to help a black slave in times of great racial barriers. Holden and Huck represent youth and seek to be the saviours of youth. Holden with his wish to be the Catcher in the Rye represents his wish to save or catch children before they make the leap into adulthood. And Huck preserves the greatness of youth from his attempts to be go against the adult world that would condemn for befriending a black slave. This shows the innocence and greatness of youth culture who speaks out against the politics and injustice of the adult world. Huck Finn and Catcher in the Rye are both novels that have been voices for their generations speaking out against the adult worlds of their times. These books also reflect the world in which we live in today where the increasing pressures of the world are making it difficult for young people to realise the greatness of youth. Holden Caulfeld and Huck Finn are truly good examples of the American youth misunderstood by American society and act as good examples to teenagers whom they may be able to identify with.

Banking Regulation and Taxation

Banking Regulation and Taxation Banks play a pivotal role in the financial system of any nation. Due to the scope of activities of the banking industry, it is vital for governments to regulate the industry. The global financial crisis portrayed the importance of banks in the financial system of any country.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Banking Regulation and Taxation specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The collapse of the banking industry led to the ultimate collapse of other industries (Ciro, 2013, p. 84). Governments use taxes as a source of revenue and for regulatory purposes. In the banking industry, governments should use taxation for regulatory purposes. Since the global financial crisis, various governments have introduced various taxes on the financial sector. These taxes are at the domestic and international level. One of the major purposes of these taxes is to increase the Tier 1 capital of banks. This helps in solving the liquidity probl ems that banks may face. In addition, increase in Tier 1 capital enables banks to support their risks (Alworth Arachi, 2012, p. 173). Governments should ensure that there is careful consideration before using taxes for regulatory purposes. It is vital for the government to consider whether banking regulation or taxation would help in achieving the desirable goals. Since banking regulation and taxation should run concurrently, it is vital for the government to consider their interaction. Ideally, these measures should complement each other. Since banking regulation and taxation have various economic costs, it is vital for the government to undertake a cost benefit analysis to determine the most efficient measure. The cost benefit analysis would also help in identifying various problems that these measures may face. This would enable the government to formulate strategies on how to avoid or cope with the problems. It is vital for governments to ensure that they consult relevant banki ng associations before implementing various taxation policies. This would help in determining the most effective tax rate.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In addition, consulting the banking associations would increase banks’ tax compliance (OECD, 2009, p. 117). References Alworth, JS Arachi, G 2012, Taxation and the financial crisis, Oxford University Press, Oxford. Ciro, T 2013, The global financial crisis: Triggers responses and aftermath, Ashgate Publishing, Hants. OECD 2009, Building transparent tax compliance by banks, OECD Publishing, Paris.

Explore a Career as a Marine Biologist

Explore a Career as a Marine Biologist Marine biology is the scientific study of organisms that live in salt water. A marine biologist, by definition, is a person that studies, or works with a salt water organism or organisms. That is a fairly brief definition for a very general term, as marine biology encompasses many things. Marine biologists may work for private businesses, in non-profit organizations, or at universities and colleges. They may spend most of their time outdoors, such as on a boat, underwater, or in tide pools, or they may spend much of their time indoors in a laboratory or aquarium. Marine Biology Jobs Some career paths that a marine biologist would take include any of the following: Working with whales, dolphins or pinnipeds in an aquarium or zooWorking in a rescue/rehabilitation facilityStudying smaller organisms like sponges, nudibranchs or microbes and using them to learn about neuroscience and medicineStudying shellfish and the best way to raise animals like oysters and mussels in an aquaculture environment.Researching a particular marine species, behavior or notion; and teaching at a university or college. Depending on the type of work theyd like to do, there may be extensive education and training required to be a marine biologist. Marine biologists usually need many years of education at least a bachelors degree, but sometimes a masters degree, Ph.D. or post-doctorate degree. Because jobs in marine biology are competitive, outside experience with volunteer positions, internships, and outside study are helpful to land a rewarding job in this field. In the end, a marine biologists salary may not reflect their years of schooling as well as, say, a doctors salary. This site indicates an average salary of $45,000 to $110,000 per year for a marine biologist working in an academic world. That may be the highest-paying job path for marine biologists. Marine Biology Schooling Some marine biologists major in topics other than marine biology; according to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric  Administrations Southwest Fisheries Science Center, most of the biologists are fishery biologists. Of those who went on to do graduate work, 45 percent got a B.S. in biology and 28 percent got their degree in zoology. Others studied oceanography, fisheries, conservation, chemistry, mathematics, biological oceanography, and animal scientists. Most got their masters degrees in zoology or fisheries, in addition to oceanography, biology, marine biology, and biological oceanography. A small percentage got their masters degree in ecology, physical oceanography, animal sciences, or statistics. Ph.D. students studied similar topics including operations research, economics, political science, and statistics. Click here to learn more about what marine biologists do, where they work, how to become a marine biologist, and what marine biologists get paid.

Comparasion of Apple and Samsung Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words - 1

Comparasion of Apple and Samsung - Essay Example A comparison of the stock prices provides us with the information on the relative investor confidence on the two companies. A comparative analysis of the two companies helps the investors to reach an investment decision on the common stocks of Apple and Samsung. A comparison between two publicly traded companies Apple and Samsung could be done with the help of financial ratio analysis. The profitability ratio, liquidity ratio, investment value ratio and debt ratio has been taken into consideration for this comparison. The financial ratio has been determined by considering the financial statements of the two companies for the last two years. The return on assets for Apple is much higher with respect to Samsung. While Samsung produced an 8.83% return on assets in 2011, Apple registered an ROA of 22.28% in 2011. Apple focused to increase its asset base in 2012. The rate of increase in ROA for Samsung is more than that of Apple but the percentage return on assets for Apple is 23.70% which is more than 13.17% ROA for Samsung in 2012 (Bragg, 2012). The return on equity gives an indication of the efficiency of fund management by the companies to increase the wealth of the shareholders. The net income earned by the companies could be expressed as a percentage of the total equity of the company. The return on equity for Apple is more than the return on equity for Samsung in the last two years. In 2011, Samsung achieved a return on equity of 13.58% as compared Apple’s return on equity of 33.83%. From the 2011 to 2012, rate of increase in ROE for Samsung is more than Apple. Despite that, Apple recorded an ROE of 35.30% in 2012 which is more than 19.63% ROE for Samsung. A comparison of the asset turnover of Apple and Samsung provides a measure of utilization of assets of the two companies. Asset turnover indicates the amount of revenue generation of

Laboratory Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Laboratory Report - Essay Example Question 4: In this example of the elbow flexion unloading response (i.e. the task performed during the laboratory), state the muscle from which the data from sheet 1 was recorded, and whether the weight was removed unexpectedly or was self-removed by the subject. What was the latency of the response Answer: The data from sheet 1 showed the elbow flexion unloading response of the biceps. The weight was self- removed as we observed the reduced EMG activity of the biceps, starting before the onset of the unloading. The latency time is about 50 milliseconds. Question 5: Based on evidence from the laboratory and/or the literature, explain the major reflex pathway that causes the reduction in agonist EMG in the unexpected unloading response. Include the series of neural events from just prior to the release of the weight until the end of the first agonist (biceps) response. Answer: Anticipation in the postural domain is an example of the ability of the CNS to predict the consequence of the mechanical effect of movement on posture and helps minimize a forthcoming disturbance. A classical example was provided by the pioneer work of Belenkiy et al. (1967). They showed that, during arm raising while standing, the prime mover activity in the biceps brachii was preceded by an activation of a leg muscle, the biceps femoris, starting 100 ms before the movement onset.

Mckinsey Accounting and Engineering Advisors Essay Example for Free

Mckinsey Accounting and Engineering Advisors Essay The firm was founded in 1926 by university of Chicago professor, James (â€Å"Mac†) McKinsey, it was called â€Å"accounting and engineering advisors†. Mac started recruiting experienced executives and training them in the integrated approach he called his General Survey outline. In Saturday morning sessions he would lead consultants through an undeviating sequence of analysis – goals, strategy, policies, organisation, facilities, procedures and personnel – while still encouraging them to synthesize data and think for themselves. McKinsey’s mission was to help clients make positive, lasting, and substantial improvements in their performance and to build a great firm that is able to attract, develop, excite, and retain exceptional people. Bower’s vision of the firm was: â€Å"one focused on issues of importance and top-level management, adhering to the highest standards of integrity, professional ethics, and technical excellence, able to attract and develop young men of outstanding qualifications, and committed to continually raising its stature and influence. Above all, it was to be a firm dedicated to the mission of serving its clients superbly well. Bower also articulated a policy that every assignment should bring the firm something more than revenue – experience or prestige for example. Bower and his colleagues believed that well-trained, highly intelligent generalists could quickly grasp the issue, and through disciplined analysis find its solution. The firm grew extraordinarily domestically in the 1950’s which provided a basis for international expansion that accelerated the rate of growth in the 1960’s. Offices opened in London, Geneva, Amsterdam, Dà ¼sseldorf and Paris. McKinsey was now a well established and highly respected presence in Europe and North America. To Gupta the task of knowledge development had become much more complex over the past decade or so due to three intersecting forces: †¢ In an increasingly information and knowledge driven age, the sheer volume and rate of change of new knowledge made the task much more complex †¢ Clients expectations of and need for leading edge expertise were constantly increasing †¢ The firm’s own success had made it much more difficult to link and leverage the knowledge and expertise represented by 3800 consultants in 69 offices worldwide. Gupta believed that knowledge is the lifeblood of McKinsey. How does knowledge create value for McKinsey and Company? Creating value for a firm means performing activities that increase the value of goods or services to consumers. McKinsey does this by trying not only to ‘serve its clients but also to develop its consultants’. Bower and his colleagues believed that well-trained, highly intelligent generalists could quickly grasp the issue, and through disciplined analysis find its solution. Because of the use of knowledge management one of McKinsey’s clients managing director reflected on a certain outcome that â€Å"their value added was in their access to knowledge, the intellectual rigor they bring, and their ability to build understanding and consensus among a diverse management group.† In 1980 when Gluck joined the central small group that comprised the firm office he proposed that â€Å"knowledge development had to be central, not a peripheral firm activity; that it needed to be ongoing and institutionalised, not temporary and project based; and that it had to be the responsibility of everyone, not just a few†. Gluck was trying to build a shared body of knowledge throughout the firm. Even though doing this may be costly Gluck was hoping the benefits would outweigh the expenses. Knowledge had created value for McKinsey and Company through that its client’s impact studies indicated that the new knowledge structure led to a longer-term focus on deeper understanding of issues. McKinsey and Company’s use of knowledge throughout the firm helped build long lasting client relationships. Gupta believed that knowledge was the core factor in being successful in the long run. Knowledge is a fundamental value for the McKinsey and Company. Even though focusing on developing knowledge throughout the firm may lead to less client work Gupta argued that it was still worth it and would increase value for the firm in the long term. Critically evaluate the company’s soft knowledge management strategy. I.e people. Soft knowledge management is â€Å"less quantifiable and cannot be captured codified and stored easily† (Kidd, 1994; Skyrme, 1998) Tacit knowledge is an example of soft knowledge. Tacit knowledge â€Å"cannot be easily communicated and shared, is highly personal, deep rooted in action and in an individual’s involvement within a specific context. It is commonly referred to as ‘the knowledge in people’s heads†. â€Å"Soft knowledge becomes accepted by virtue of informal authority and consensus within the group.†(Hildreth, Wright and Kimble, 2005). Gluck felt that there was a need to adjust the firm’s knowledge development focus. He believed that â€Å"knowledge is only valuable when it is between the ears of consultants and applied to clients problems.† Knowledge is less effectively developed through the disciplined work a few than through the spontaneous interaction of many. He changed the more structured â€Å"discover-codify-disseminate† model to an â€Å"engage-explore-apply-share† approach. Which is, a more loose approach. Even though McKinsey had adopted hard knowledge approaches, it still relied heavily on soft knowledge components, such as personal networks, old practices like cross-office transfers and strong ‘one firm’ norms like helping other consultants when they called. Unlike the hard knowledge approach the transfer of knowledge with the soft approach is not through databases and ‘Knowledge Resource Directory’s† it is a more informal method. It is when the older staff of the firm helps and teaches the new comers by sharing their experience an d knowledge.

Free Essays - First Impressions in Pride and Prejudice :: Pride Prejudice Essays

First Impressions in Pride and Prejudice Pride and Prejudice was first titled First Impressions, and these titles embody the themes of the novel. The narrative describes how the prejudices and first impressions (especially those dealing with pride) of the main characters change throughout the novel, focusing on those of Elizabeth Bennet. Elizabeth's judgments about other characters' dispositions are accurate about half of the time. While she is correct about Mr. Collins and how absurdly self-serving he is and about Lady Catherine de Bourgh and how proud and snobbish she is, her first impressions of Wickham and Darcy steer her incorrectly. Wickham is first thought to be a gentleman by all. His good looks and his easy manner fool almost everyone, and Elizabeth believes without question all that he tells her of Darcy. Elizabeth's first impressions of him are contradicted when she realizes that he has lied about Darcy. Elizabeth and many of the other characters see Darcy as proud, and it can be seen from this quote just how quickly this judgment of him is formed. "The gentlemen pronounced him to be a fine figure of a man, the ladies declared he was much handsomer than Mr. Bingley, and he was looked at with great admiration for about half the evening, till his manners gave a disgust which tuned the tide of his popularity; for he as discovered to be proud, to be above his company, and above being pleased; and not all his large estate in Derbyshire could then save him from having a most forbidding, disagreeable countenance, and being unworthy to be compared with his friend." It is not only what she believes to be pride in Darcy's character that makes her judge him harshly, but also her prejudice against him because of the lies Wickham has told her. Darcy sees this fault of prejudice in Elizabeth, stating that her defect is "willfully to misunderstand everybody." In the end Elizabeth realizes her folly in trusting her first impressions and prejudices about the men, and states, "how despicably have I acted... I, who have prided myself on my discernment! - I, who have valued myself on my abilities..." The above are only a few of the major examples of first impressions, prejudice and pride in the novel, as these themes show up throughout the story.

Alice in Wonderland

Alice in Wonderland/Through the Looking Glass by Lewis Carroll I would like to start by saying that I hated this book. It made no sense to me, and the entire time I felt that the author was on crack. I was expecting it to be a great book, because I loved the movie so much (animated one). The book never had a sensible plot, it was just this annoying little girl who was having these twisted dreams that made no sense to me, although I do realize that they have deeper social/political meanings. It is a complicated and intelligent novel that only smart and analytical people can understand it, while actually enjoying it too.In some sense the craziness of the novel kind of makes sense because it is a dream, and dreams can be quite ridiculous. I did not like the novel because it did not have an exciting climax or conflict. I never had the feeling of anticipation while reading it, or any enthusiasm whatsoever. The book had a lot of puns and poems that a lot of people enjoy, but I personally h ate puns and poems. Overall the book was not a good match for me, and I will be more careful in choosing my novel next time. RAWLIPS Wisdom of Youth:Alice is constantly challenged of who she is and how she perceives things, but by the end she is the same little girl with the same outlook of life. She remains true to herself. Loss of Innocence: This seems to be the more apparent theme in the entire novel. Alice’s loss of innocence is illustrated with her constant change in size which represents puberty. In the beginning, she comes across one of her first obstacles: getting through the small door into the garden. First she drinks the bottle that reads â€Å"DRINK ME† (Carroll 10) which shrinks her, but then she realizes she forgot the key.So then she eats a piece of cake that reads â€Å"EAT ME† (Carroll 12) and she grows large. It’s clever that Carroll chooses to have actual food to be the thing that makes Alice grow. The whole growing and shrinking happen s quite a few times throughout the novel. The whole point is to show how Alice doesn’t really think of the consequences of her actions, just like an innocent child. She just doesn’t care. But when she is faced with the difficulty of her mistakes, she suffers. She cries when she realizes she can’t get through to the garden, which then ends up almost drowning her.She almost destroys the White Rabbit’s house because of her gigantic growth yet again. She gets called a serpent by a pigeon, again because of her weird growing. She also begins to forget a lot of her lessons. All this change to her physical appearance makes her realize she also has issues inside. She begins to have an identity issue, like a lot of kids when growing up. â€Å"’I-I’m a little girl’ said Alice, rather doubtfully† (Carroll 43). Alice doesn’t know if she’s herself anymore. She also comes across people who aren’t exactly kind and understa nding to Alice, especially the Queen who represents evil.She is saddened by the world she sees, especially when she sees the corruption and coldness of the Queen who sends everyone to their execution. So here is this little girl, in a whole new world that’s so twisted and filled with twisted people, going through all these physical and emotional changes. However, Alice is one of the few characters of this theme to NOT crumble and lose. She is able to preserve her view of the world as it originally was, and doesn’t change much from the beginning of the novel to the end, because her adventure only happened in her dream.It’s only at the end of the first book where Alice grows physically and realizes she doesn’t have to be afraid of the creatures â€Å"nothing but a pack of cards! † (Carroll 97) and then she wakes up. Her waking up proves that everything was made up and an illusion, so she shouldn’t be afraid. Illusion VS Reality: Alice is prett y much in an illusion throughout the entire novel. She doesn’t know what’s real and what’s not. She tries to fit in what she thinks is reality, but is contradicted by all the characters.The part of the novel where the illusion finally becomes reality is when Alice is attacked by the playing cards in the court room, and it is shown to actually be â€Å" dead leaves that had fluttered down from the trees upon her face† (Carroll 98), waking her from her dream (illusion) into reality. And then again in Through the Looking Glass when Alice thinks she is shaking the queen, when really it’s just her cat. Alice doesn’t even dwell over the fact that she goes in and out of reality, because she is just a kid. Although she does think about the King, and that maybe she’s actually in his dream.Characters Alice Liddell: A seven and a half year old girl whose goal in Wonderland is to go to the Queen’s garden, and to become a queen in Through t he Looking Glass. Alice can be described as imaginative and creative. It seems her only real friends are her sister, who doesn’t even have a name, and her cats. Alice is an adventurous girl, and sometimes her curiosity gets the better of her. She can’t help but follow her instincts without second thought. She wants to learn more about the world around her, and like a kid doesn’t realize the consequences of her actions.But, it’s important to note that she is in a dream, and in a dream our decisions don’t really matter because the consequences aren’t real. So Alice might have gotten herself in dangerous situations because of her curiosity, but she was never in any really danger. Alice also never grows as a character in the novel. She does grow physically, but not mentally. She doesn’t learn anything, she doesn’t become any smarter or wiser or experienced—she remains the same because nothing has physically happened in her l ife, it was all a dream.Alice’s sole purpose is to guide the reader into this wonderland and through these crazy characters. White Rabbit: This character is the opposite of Alice. He thinks too much, and he is the epitome of stress and anxiety. He’s always worried about being late. He is also the reason why Alice ends up in wonderland. He was curious to her. The Caterpillar: The Caterpillar is probably my favorite character. He is the first character in which Alice gets help from. He helps her with her size issue by telling her about the mushrooms. He also tells Alice about metamorphosis and that it’s not a bad thing to grow.Deeper meaning would be that growing up is a part of nature and completely normal. The Caterpillar reminded me of like a kid in school who is experimenting with drugs and is peer pressuring Alice to take mushrooms (the drug that people do now). I don’t know if people did mushrooms back then during Carroll’s time, I’m pre tty sure it was available because its mushrooms, but it’s a funny coincident. The Cheshire Cat: Out of all the characters in Wonderland, Alice likes the Cat the best because she is fond of cats. The Cat is known for its grin and also that it can disappear and reappear whenever it wants.The cat shows to be a powerful character because not even the most powerful people, the King and Queen, can get it. The Duchess: The Duchess is a little weird. She seems bipolar because her personality drastically changes the second time she meets Alice in the garden. In the pepper room she was an abusive parent, and then in the garden she was nice to Alice and kept trying to get close to her. She also kept trying to get to the moral story, â€Å"†Every thing's got a moral, if only you can find it. â€Å"(Carroll 70). However, Alice just seems annoyed by her, and whatever she thinks, is what Carroll thinks.And so if Carroll is annoyed by her, than he might be annoyed by morality. Howeve r, that doesn’t make sense because Carroll was a religious person. So, this is the character I am unsure about. The Queen of Hearts: She is the evil character in the wonderland. She constantly goes around sentencing people to death. What I don’t understand is why Carroll always makes the most powerful character a woman, and also the most evil. It is speculated that Carroll was not exactly smooth with the ladies, but instead had an obsession with little girls, like Alice Liddell, who was an actual person (Shulevitz).So, maybe he just didn’t like older women and saw them as evil. King of Hearts: He is not mentioned much but in comparison to the Queen he is much kinder in that he prevents the Queen from executing everyone. He is also a doormat in the relationship with the Queen. This might also be a view that Carroll has. He might not like older women because he thinks they dominate and control the relationship in ruthless and corrupt ways. I am completely guessing , but it sounds plausible. The Red Queen: She is the queen in the Looking Glass world.She defies my theory on how Carroll views women. Because she is actually nice and helps Alice become a Queen. Even though you would think, because the whole thing is based on a chess game, the Red Queen would hate Alice for being a queen because they are not on the same side of the game. She is also extremely fast, just like a queen player is in a game of chess since they can pretty much go in any direction and as far as they want. But the Red Queen is commanding and bossy. She also turns into Alice’s cat at the end. The White Queen: The White queen is a child archetype.She can’t really look after herself, and many times Alice has to help her. The whole idea of Looking Glass world is that everything is backwards and the relationship between Alice and the Queen is another example of this. Instead of the adult taking care of the child, the child is taking care of the adult. Deeper meani ng to this would be that even children can be mature and be caregivers. This makes sense because Carroll did have an eerie interest in little children, especially girls. It’s even been speculated that he wanted to marry the real Alice Liddell (Shulevitz).The White Knight: After reading the Sparknotes definition of the White King, his role in the novel makes a little more sense than a random guy just escorting Alice because he wants to. The Sparknotes page states that Carroll modeled the White Knight after himself. This is plausible to me because the White Knight seemed really interested in Alice and helping her. â€Å"I’ll see you safe to the end of the wood—and then I must go back, you know. That’s the end of my move. † (Carroll 181). Carroll also chooses to have Alice say that the White Knight â€Å"dazzled her† (Carroll 187). Like the White Knight, Carroll had shaggy hair, blue eyes, and a mild face. Also like Carroll, the White Knight ha s a penchant for inventing and compulsively preparing for any kind of contingency, no matter how ridiculous† (Sparknotes Editors). The White Knight is also really clumsy and can’t seem to ride his horse properly in a straight line. This makes sense because the entire thing is a game of chess, and since he is a Knight he can only move in a shape of an L. The White Knight also recites a song for Alice and says she is going to cry (because of the separation between them in real life maybe).According to Sparknotes, â€Å"he sings a song that conjures up feelings of wistful longing, calling attention to the idea of Alice’s transformation into a queen as a metaphor for her sexual awakening into womanhood. The White Knight represents a figure from her childhood who can bring her to the point at which she reaches adulthood before he must let go. The scene between the White Knight and Alice is marked by feelings of nostalgia tinged with regret, since Alice must eventuall y leave the White Knight and claim her new role alone† (Sparknotes Editors).The first time I read through the song that the White Knight sings to Alice I did not get any â€Å"metaphor for [Alice’s] sexual awakening into womanhood†, because she’s only seven and that would never go through my mind. So I read it again and I still didn’t see it. But the line â€Å"Of that old man I used to know† (Carroll 189) jumped out at me and then I kind of got the poem. The â€Å"old man† is obviously Carroll, and the â€Å"I† is Alice. Carroll believes that the real Alice Liddell viewed him as an old man that played with her, but Carroll also states that she cared about him when he writes that she â€Å"weep[s]† for the old man.But that’s in the poem, and not what actually happens because Alice doesn’t cry at all after hearing the song. So I’m not really sure if Carroll is saying that the real Alice Liddell cared f or him or not. The White Knight does state that â€Å"the end of [his] move† is when he gets her to a safe place where she doesn’t need his protection anymore. This can be seen as the real life situation between Carroll and Alice Liddell. Carroll couldn’t stay with her forever and so there had to be a time where he had to let her go.He couldn’t follow her through puberty and her growth into a woman (maybe because he didn’t want her as an older woman, because he’s not attracted to older women, and wants to stick to little girls). Either way Carroll is creepy. The Red King: Most important thing about him is that he sleeps, and Alice thinks that she is a part of his dream, instead of him being a part of her dream. Humpty Dumpty: He recites poems and also analyzes them to Alice. He does to poems what the students do in AP Lit. When he finds the meanings of things he makes up whatever he wants. ’When I use a word,’ Humpty Dumpty sai d in rather a scornful tone, ‘it means just what I choose it to mean — neither more nor less. ’’(Carroll 161). Again, it’s like AP Lit, we have to try to find a meaning a bigger picture in the text we read even if we have no idea what it’s about. Make stuff up, right? Well that’s what humpty Dumpty does. As I have learned in class, you can’t be wrong as long as you can back up her theory with proof. Although, he might give any word any meaning he wants, he says that names should have a specific meaning. I don’t understand what the meaning behind that is. He explains the poem â€Å"Jabberwocky† to Alice.While reading the book I never paid much attention to the poem because I thought it was nonsense. Humpty Dumpty has a lot of riddles and puns. When Alice asks him why he’s all alone, he says that there is no one with him. Well, obviously. He doesn’t answer the questions that Alice asks of him the way sh e wants, the way normal people in the normal world would. His riddles and puns remind me of the joke, â€Å"why did the chicken cross the road? † It’s like, no duh to get to the other side. Tweedledum and Tweedledee: Twin brothers that recite poetry to Alice and also get into a fight because of a rattle.Carroll is literally portraying little boys who are immature. It also shows that Carroll did not like little boys; he liked little girls. He portrays Alice as a smart little girl, but the twin boys as idiots. The twins are also the only young boy characters; Carroll decides not to have little boy characters. It might be because he doesn’t see Alice’s partners as little boys, but grown men like himself (Shmoop Editorial Team). With the way Carroll describes the relationship between the White Knight and Alice as opposed to the relationship between the twins and Alice is different.He sees someone like him as more fit to be her partner than little boys. Just c reepy. The Mad Hatter: A guy at the tea party in which Alice went to. He shows up a couple of more times through the novel, but doesn’t have a major role in the story. I’m kind of surprised he wasn’t more important in the novel because Tim Burton made an entire movie dedicated to the Mad Hatter. He tells Alice that he had a fight with Time and as a result the tea parties are always at six o’clock, and it just so happens that it’s always six o’clock. He acts as if Time is a real person.I don’t understand the meaning of time being stopped, or even treating time as a person. The whole point of the Tea Party scene, along with its weird members, is to show the craziness of wonderland. Mock Turtle: The Mock turtle is named after mock turtle soup, because the Queen says it herself to Alice that â€Å"It's the thing Mock Turtle Soup is made from,† (Carroll 73). The Mock Turtle is depressed because he wants to be a real turtle. The Mock Turtle is another pun, because the actual soup uses parts of a calf in the soup, and the non-muscular meat part of it is used to imitate (mock) turtle meat.So there isn’t actually any turtle meat in the soup. And the picture in the book illustrates the head of the Mock Turtle is that of a calf. This pun literally wants me to smack my forehead and say â€Å"really? † It’s so weird, and I don’t get the point of doing it. It just goes to show that this really is a book meant for children; however it’s too complicated for them. And you have to be an adult who really likes puns and nonsense to enjoy this book. The Gryphon: He is the one that tells Alice that the Queen of Hearts doesn’t actually execute anyone. This realization shows that rulers control people by fear.Caucus Race Carroll uses the caucus race of the animals to criticize politics and people in politics. The whole â€Å"dry† thing (â€Å"how to get dry again† [Carroll 21]) can mean that they are â€Å"dry† people, as in boring. So politics and politicians are boring. When they race, there is no finish line or anything, they just call stop so that everyone wins. Nothing gets accomplished, other than the fact that they get dry. Carroll is also exposing that politicians are just like these animals, which randomly run around without a proper â€Å"race† and accomplish little.For example, Obama during the 2008 campaign promised a bunch of stuff and in the â€Å"race† he won. But once he was president, he didn’t do a lot of what he said he was going to do, and in fact did the opposite of what he was going to do. So in the end, it can be argued that he didn’t do as much as he could. Also, just because he was announced the winner, doesn’t mean his opponents didn’t win either. For example, Sarah Paling got extremely rich because of the media exposure she got off the campaign. Cards I noticed that all the im portant and high class people were Hearts, including the king and queen.And the Spades are gardeners, Diamonds are courtiers, and the Clubs are soldiers. I always assumed that the Spades were the most powerful because in the game 21 getting black jack is the best hand. Also, in a deck of cards the ace of spades is the only card that looks slightly different than the rest of the deck. The thing that puzzled me is that the King of Hearts (the actual playing card) is more powerful than the Queen of Hearts, but in Wonderland the Queen appears to have more power than the King. The King does overshadow the Queen in the fact that he preempts the executions demanded by the Queen.So, she might appear to have more authority, but the actual power is in the hands of the King. However, I don’t really understand why Carroll would do this. Is it to show that no matter how many female rulers there are, the man will always be in charge and undermine the female ruler’s commands/choices? Croquet This is the scene I was most familiar with when I read it in the book because it was such a big scene in the animated movie. Instead of having inanimate objects as the equipment of the game, they were live animals. It’s just weird; I don’t think there is a meaning behind it.All I know is that it is definitely animal cruelty and PETA would not be pleased with the idea. The Queen always wins this game because if anyone seems to be better than her, she will just sentence them to death. Chess The game of chess is important in the second half of the novel in Looking Glass World. The entire journey for Alice is a Chess game, because she is transforming from being a pawn into being a queen. It’s exactly like how the real game works. My main strategy in chess is to always get one of my pawns all the way across to exchange it for a queen.Carroll is using this analogy to illustrate the growth of Alice. The pawn represents her being a child, and the queen represen ts her growing up and maturing. The queen is also the most powerful piece in the game, which is why Carroll has the Red Queen as a more powerful character than the king, who just sleeps. Importance of Color The colors red and white are important both in Wonderland and Looking Glass World. First you see the white roses that the cards put by mistake, because they were supposed to be red by the Queens orders. Then in Looking Glass World there are the red chess pieces and the white chess pieces.I don’t think this is a coincidence. White represents innocence and purity, and red represents rage. In the case of the roses the white roses represents Alice. The painting of the white roses with red paint could represent the Queen’s rage and trying to overshadow Alice and what Alice represents, which is youth. The Queen is likely to be jealous of Alice’s youth, which is a major theme in the novel. As for the chess pieces the descriptions of the colors don’t match tha t well, because the Red Queen is not full of rage. And also why choose red and white, when it’s normally black and white? ConclusionI disliked the book, but there was a lot to talk about in the log. It’s possible to write twenty or more pages on this book because everything is random, and something new just keeps coming and coming. My problem was that because I disliked the book, it was hard for me to talk about it and analyze it because I had no interest in it. I thought it was all nonsense. And trying to take apart the poems the riddles and puns that Carroll uses was like trying to understand the universe. The guy has a talent with language, I will admit that. I just find it useless because it brought me no joy or entertainment, just a headache.

Fashion in the 1920s

Women's Fashion In The sass After the end of World War l, the United States president, Warren G. Harding, claimed that he wanted to return to normalcy and to bring back the peace following the years of war; society did change, but it was no where near what it had been before the war (Margarita 14). â€Å"The reactionary temper of the sass and the repressive movements it spawned arose as reactions to a much-publicized social and intellectual revolution that threatened to rip America from it old moorings† (Tindal 800). During this time, the 18th Amendment was passed in order to maintain society's previous morals and tankards.Many Americans saw the consumption of alcohol as a sin and did not want their society to lose their morals (Margarita 8). Shortly after its passage, the 19th Amendment was passed allowing women the right to vote; instead of having a passive role in society, women were beginning to be more proactive. The appearance of woman in society did not stop work place; instead, because of prohibition and the popularity of speakeasies, women were welcomed and populated such venues. Tuxedoed men accompanied women wearing the latest fashions filled the latest clubs (Margarita 27).Traditionally, 1920 was seen as marking a clear divide in the chronology of women's affairs: the passage of the Nineteenth Amendment giving women the vote ended years of struggle, and with the ‘liberation' of the war, which destroyed old stereotypes, led on to the ‘New Woman' of the sass† (Wynn 133). World War I was the turning point from traditional values to a newly enlightened America, a rebellious youth, and newly freed women; as art reflects society, the emancipation and celebration following the war is reflected in the style and fashion that came alive in this new era.Beautiful coordinated and accessories outfits were a feature of sass's ladies fashion, [which consisted of] hats, shoes, stockings, handbags, dresses and Jewelry [that] all came togethe r in perfect harmony to create a unique and elegant style† (Scott). This style portrayed the times as Americans began to stray from the past and the old American ways. â€Å"During those years a cosmopolitan urban America confronted an insular, rural America† leading to the development of urban cities (Tindal 800).In these populated cities, people began to let loose as â€Å"Prohibition indirectly led to bootlegging and speakeasies, while the rowing rebelliousness of teenagers highlighted the generation gap† (Drowned back cover). Participation in these illegal venues had been unheard of in the previous decades, but these changing times encouraged the promotion of such activities and these environments called for a certain style and fashion. â€Å"The Twenties did roar, and this volume shows the many colorful ways the decade altered America, its people, and its future† (Drowned back cover). This ‘new woman' [that arose] eagerly discarded the constrain ing fashions of the nineteenth century – pinched-in corsets, conforming petticoats, and floor-length dresses† (Tindal 801). As the times were changing, their fashion changed in order to reflect â€Å"the rebellion against prudishness and a loosening of inhibitions† (Tindal 801). These new trends shocked the old-timers as the â€Å"the revolution in manners and morals, evidenced first among young people† were represented in their clothing (Tindal 800). As women were beginning to live more freely, their style reflected the same attitude. In 1919 women's skirts were typically six inches about the ground; [but] by 1927 they were at the knee, and the flapper' was providing a shocking model of the new feminism† (Tindal 801). These omen portrayed â€Å"a period of escapism, a youthful reaction against the dark and serious clothes, behavior and mood of an older generation still clinging to old Victorian and Edwardian values† (Herald 6). They were star ting to represent the idea behind the ‘new women. ‘ During this time the girls are actually tempting the boys more than the boys do the girls, by their dress and conversation† straying away from old traditions (Tindal 801).They began â€Å"a move[meet] toward breaking down national boundaries in everything from finance to style – [which] was a theme that ran through the decade† (Herald 6). Women's fashion reflected the change in attitude evident following the war. Fashion followed the new needs of the wearers and the more rebellious consumers in urban American society. â€Å"The passing of bustles and corsets gave clothing designers much greater freedom of expression resulting in innovative styling† (Scott). This permitted the newly reformed lifestyle and attitude to be expressed in women's clothing.In came â€Å"the new and colorful fabrics [that] echoed the Joy felt by a war weary population following the end of hostilities† as well as the â€Å"slim, streamlined look of the twentieth century,† which represented â€Å"youth, ability, and a freer form of sexual expression† (Scott; Blackjacks 133). Women now had the freedom to express themselves and not worry about the opinion of the public. They no longer had to be concerned with their modesty as the ideals began to yield â€Å"to modern sensibilities,† they began to expose their limbs and a â€Å"tight encasement of the[IR] torso† (Blackjacks 133).Society demand brought the new style as they insisted â€Å"that clothes be appropriate for the time of day, the activity, or the formality of the occasion†¦ The higher someone's rank, [depicted the amount of] clothes they needed to meet society demands† (Herald 11). In addition, fashion made improvements towards practical clothing as â€Å"women's underwear changed . With corsets becoming smaller and more flexible, and modern style bras being introduced†¦ [providing] shape and support whereas the older style tended to flatten breasts and constrict the chest† (Scott).Another practical need emerged with the growing popularity of the speakeasies. Women were welcome and where the women are, the men will be and the women were flocking these clubs and actively dancing the night away. â€Å"Flappers, as the trendy young women were called in the U. S. Wore short dresses with a straight loose silhouette. By 1927 seams had risen to Just below the knee, so that part of the knee could be seen when dancing the Charleston† (Scott). â€Å"Flapper fashion featured bobbed hair, minimal undergarments, gauzy fabrics, and sheer stockings† so that they could be free to move while dancing (Tindal 801). Although the sass did abound with flappers and would be flappers, the decade also hosted†¦ Women asserting new power† (Coot 413). And while the flappers' new needs were sought out, fashion also created new opportunities in the workforce for Hes s brave and powerful women. Along with the 19th amendment allowing women's voice and freedom, fashion opened up new Job opportunities that were available to women. â€Å"Women were beginning to enter male-dominated profession, where male clerks were generally being replaced by women typists and secretaries† (Herald 11).The â€Å"office girls needed a whole new wardrobe of smart day wear [as they began working] with new-fangled machines† (Herald 11). These Jobs of â€Å"dressmaking and millinery courses in particular were embraced by women who wanted the new fashions but couldn't afford the retail prices† (Scott). Some women moved into new vocations created by the burgeoning consumer culture such as accounting assistants and departments store clerks† (Tindal 802). â€Å"All the big department stores had mail-order catalogs where you could order clothes for men, women, and children† and have them delivered (Scott).This meant country people had easy ac cess to city fashions for the first time† (Scott). Others were looking to create full part-time Jobs for themselves† (Scott). They also wanted to â€Å"support their fatherless families or to earn extra income to spend on the new luxuries. Working omen also embraced the relatively inexpensive ready-made clothes a mass production of contemporary clothing became common. † (Scott). As the times began to change, the clothes and their designers followed suit.Style and design of fashion changed as women's clothing became â€Å"lighter (due to less material and new synthetic fabrics) and brighter and shorter that ever before† (Scott). Fashion designers experimented with colors, patterns, and fabrics for textures. Evening dresses, coats and Jackets were often trimmed with fur. Hemlines rose for most of the decade† (Scott). One of the influential designers of the decade was Hattie Carnegie, known for her â€Å"personal taste and fashion sense, [which] influen ced the styles worn by countless American women† (Shaw). She sought to â€Å"interpret European style for American consumers† and her style was welcomed as it had â€Å"a guarantee of sophistication and propriety' (Shaw). Carnegie had â€Å"an approach to fashion that emphasized consummate polish in every outfit† (Shaw). Eventually she â€Å"made her name synonymous with American high fashion for almost half a century' (Shaw). â€Å"The Carnegie customer, whatever her age, seems to have been neither girlish nor attorney, but possessed of a certain decorousness† portraying the turn in attitude as well as fashion (Shaw).As the event of changing style, different fabrics were introduced changing the shape, feel, and mood of fashion. â€Å"The sass opened with an explosion of color† as the education of fabric became known and lines were becoming more demonstrated through out the style (Herald 6). Hattie Carnegie â€Å"often stressed the importance of black as a wardrobe basic for both day and evening† (Shaw). The color blue was known as â€Å"a standard color for woman's dress† in the sass's (Scott). Fashion designers used color to portray different emotions.Colors such as green were notorious for being â€Å"very restful to the eye [as] light orange is too bright to be used freely' (Scott). Later the â€Å"Barberry Company introduced its trademark red/camel/black-and-white check in the twenties as a lining for the trench coat† that is still popular today (Herald 6). As women were beginning to understand the use of the textiles, they began to see their â€Å"possibilities and make the most of them† (Scott). Fashion helped the women express their individuality as their role of the ‘new woman' was taking form.The transformation in American culture and society would not have been possible without World War l. Whether it was the celebrations for the end of the war or the results of 18th and 19th Ame ndments, society transformed from traditional values to new, enlightened customs. The celebrations, speakeasies, and superfluous lifestyles demented change and woman paved the way with fashion. Not only did women's fashion change, the new ‘modern women' was born. During this era known as the ‘Roaring Twenties' women were given the right to vote and more importantly, the right to live more freely throughout society. Fashion in the 1920s â€Å"Fashion is one of the greatest forces in present-day life. It pervades every field and reaches every class†¦. It has always been a factor in human life but never more forceful, never more influential and never wider in scope than in the last decade, and it gives every indication of growing still more important. † So with everything in mind, we can really agree with him when he said that it was more than an expression of individual taste; it was instead a statement of group membership, of involvement in the currents of one's time. â€Å"To be out of fashion,† he wrote, â€Å"is, indeed, to be out of the world.During the decade technology vastly improved which helped spread the word about what people were wearing and driving and how they were decorating their homes or designing their public buildings. Improved communication meant that a large proportion of the general population was exposed to the latest fashion trends and responded, positively or negatively, to them. During the sass the most distinctive clothing styles originated in Europe: in France for women's attire and in England for men's. Coco Channel was one of the first women designers to adopt the new era of clothing, which meant that she adopted a more boyish look.She replaced the corset with lighter clothing that wasn't so restrictive. Throughout the years dresses kept getting shorter and the backs lower. â€Å"By 1925 dresses were the shortest in history – an act of the devil, some thought. † Many people were so outraged that they passed laws in the states of Ohio and Utah that the hem length of ladies gowns had to be seven inches from the floor but these responses from mature adults simply increased young women's fondness for their short skirts and cosmetics. After all, what fun is it to rebel if nobody notices or cares? But what are some major reasons for this changes in women fashion?The first one is that after the war women continued to work outside their h ome, so the clothes had to be altered to allow for an ease of movement. Also with the lack of men due to the war, women began wearing more alluring clothing to attract a husband. The ratification of the 19th Amendment also played a major role as women soon began wearing loose pantsuits called ‘pajama suits', a direct result of the newly gained right to vote and the strong cries for further female empowerment. Probably, one of the first images that pops into your head when you hear the word sass fashion is the Flapper which is the symbol of the oaring twenties.It embodied the decades modern fashion elements such as short sleek hair, a short shapeless dress, a flat chest, and exposed limbs. Flappers also had a reputation that added to their style as well; they smoked from long cigarette holders, applied makeup in public and danced to Jazz with reckless abandonment of propriety. Men of this time wore suits, day suits, formal suits, all different kinds of suits. Along with their s uits, they wore a hat according to their class in society: the upper class wore top hats, middle class wore a fedora, and the working class wore a flat cap or no cap at all.To complete their ensemble they wore black patent leather shoes or saddle shoes. As well as the classic suit, flannel, twill, knickerbockers, and sweaters were a more commonly seen casual wear among men of all ages, Then around 1925 â€Å"Oxford bags† were introduced to the public, after being worn as a kind of uniform for Oxford University students. This style grew and grew and before you knew all the young men were wearing them. As the decade progressed, the automobile increasingly became another definer of status and social class in America, both for young people and their parent's. Henry Ford's Model T, which dominated the U. S. Rake until it went out of production in 1927, gave middle-class and even lower-middle-class citizens affordable, reliable transportation. The quintessential expression of Ameri can energy and optimism in the sass was the skyscraper, the great tower that aspired toward heaven and dominated the earth (rather, the urban streets) below. Throughout the sass, then, a concern for fashion, for style as a social and cultural delineated, flourished. Fashion developments in attire, in architecture, and in automobiles helped to define the decade and these developments proved more pervasive and more influential than they had ever been in the past. Fashion in the 1920s Women's Fashion In The sass After the end of World War l, the United States president, Warren G. Harding, claimed that he wanted to return to normalcy and to bring back the peace following the years of war; society did change, but it was no where near what it had been before the war (Margarita 14). â€Å"The reactionary temper of the sass and the repressive movements it spawned arose as reactions to a much-publicized social and intellectual revolution that threatened to rip America from it old moorings† (Tindal 800). During this time, the 18th Amendment was passed in order to maintain society's previous morals and tankards.Many Americans saw the consumption of alcohol as a sin and did not want their society to lose their morals (Margarita 8). Shortly after its passage, the 19th Amendment was passed allowing women the right to vote; instead of having a passive role in society, women were beginning to be more proactive. The appearance of woman in society did not stop work place; instead, because of prohibition and the popularity of speakeasies, women were welcomed and populated such venues. Tuxedoed men accompanied women wearing the latest fashions filled the latest clubs (Margarita 27).Traditionally, 1920 was seen as marking a clear divide in the chronology of women's affairs: the passage of the Nineteenth Amendment giving women the vote ended years of struggle, and with the ‘liberation' of the war, which destroyed old stereotypes, led on to the ‘New Woman' of the sass† (Wynn 133). World War I was the turning point from traditional values to a newly enlightened America, a rebellious youth, and newly freed women; as art reflects society, the emancipation and celebration following the war is reflected in the style and fashion that came alive in this new era.Beautiful coordinated and accessories outfits were a feature of sass's ladies fashion, [which consisted of] hats, shoes, stockings, handbags, dresses and Jewelry [that] all came togethe r in perfect harmony to create a unique and elegant style† (Scott). This style portrayed the times as Americans began to stray from the past and the old American ways. â€Å"During those years a cosmopolitan urban America confronted an insular, rural America† leading to the development of urban cities (Tindal 800).In these populated cities, people began to let loose as â€Å"Prohibition indirectly led to bootlegging and speakeasies, while the rowing rebelliousness of teenagers highlighted the generation gap† (Drowned back cover). Participation in these illegal venues had been unheard of in the previous decades, but these changing times encouraged the promotion of such activities and these environments called for a certain style and fashion. â€Å"The Twenties did roar, and this volume shows the many colorful ways the decade altered America, its people, and its future† (Drowned back cover). This ‘new woman' [that arose] eagerly discarded the constrain ing fashions of the nineteenth century – pinched-in corsets, conforming petticoats, and floor-length dresses† (Tindal 801). As the times were changing, their fashion changed in order to reflect â€Å"the rebellion against prudishness and a loosening of inhibitions† (Tindal 801). These new trends shocked the old-timers as the â€Å"the revolution in manners and morals, evidenced first among young people† were represented in their clothing (Tindal 800). As women were beginning to live more freely, their style reflected the same attitude. In 1919 women's skirts were typically six inches about the ground; [but] by 1927 they were at the knee, and the flapper' was providing a shocking model of the new feminism† (Tindal 801). These omen portrayed â€Å"a period of escapism, a youthful reaction against the dark and serious clothes, behavior and mood of an older generation still clinging to old Victorian and Edwardian values† (Herald 6). They were star ting to represent the idea behind the ‘new women. ‘ During this time the girls are actually tempting the boys more than the boys do the girls, by their dress and conversation† straying away from old traditions (Tindal 801).They began â€Å"a move[meet] toward breaking down national boundaries in everything from finance to style – [which] was a theme that ran through the decade† (Herald 6). Women's fashion reflected the change in attitude evident following the war. Fashion followed the new needs of the wearers and the more rebellious consumers in urban American society. â€Å"The passing of bustles and corsets gave clothing designers much greater freedom of expression resulting in innovative styling† (Scott). This permitted the newly reformed lifestyle and attitude to be expressed in women's clothing.In came â€Å"the new and colorful fabrics [that] echoed the Joy felt by a war weary population following the end of hostilities† as well as the â€Å"slim, streamlined look of the twentieth century,† which represented â€Å"youth, ability, and a freer form of sexual expression† (Scott; Blackjacks 133). Women now had the freedom to express themselves and not worry about the opinion of the public. They no longer had to be concerned with their modesty as the ideals began to yield â€Å"to modern sensibilities,† they began to expose their limbs and a â€Å"tight encasement of the[IR] torso† (Blackjacks 133).Society demand brought the new style as they insisted â€Å"that clothes be appropriate for the time of day, the activity, or the formality of the occasion†¦ The higher someone's rank, [depicted the amount of] clothes they needed to meet society demands† (Herald 11). In addition, fashion made improvements towards practical clothing as â€Å"women's underwear changed . With corsets becoming smaller and more flexible, and modern style bras being introduced†¦ [providing] shape and support whereas the older style tended to flatten breasts and constrict the chest† (Scott).Another practical need emerged with the growing popularity of the speakeasies. Women were welcome and where the women are, the men will be and the women were flocking these clubs and actively dancing the night away. â€Å"Flappers, as the trendy young women were called in the U. S. Wore short dresses with a straight loose silhouette. By 1927 seams had risen to Just below the knee, so that part of the knee could be seen when dancing the Charleston† (Scott). â€Å"Flapper fashion featured bobbed hair, minimal undergarments, gauzy fabrics, and sheer stockings† so that they could be free to move while dancing (Tindal 801). Although the sass did abound with flappers and would be flappers, the decade also hosted†¦ Women asserting new power† (Coot 413). And while the flappers' new needs were sought out, fashion also created new opportunities in the workforce for Hes s brave and powerful women. Along with the 19th amendment allowing women's voice and freedom, fashion opened up new Job opportunities that were available to women. â€Å"Women were beginning to enter male-dominated profession, where male clerks were generally being replaced by women typists and secretaries† (Herald 11).The â€Å"office girls needed a whole new wardrobe of smart day wear [as they began working] with new-fangled machines† (Herald 11). These Jobs of â€Å"dressmaking and millinery courses in particular were embraced by women who wanted the new fashions but couldn't afford the retail prices† (Scott). Some women moved into new vocations created by the burgeoning consumer culture such as accounting assistants and departments store clerks† (Tindal 802). â€Å"All the big department stores had mail-order catalogs where you could order clothes for men, women, and children† and have them delivered (Scott).This meant country people had easy ac cess to city fashions for the first time† (Scott). Others were looking to create full part-time Jobs for themselves† (Scott). They also wanted to â€Å"support their fatherless families or to earn extra income to spend on the new luxuries. Working omen also embraced the relatively inexpensive ready-made clothes a mass production of contemporary clothing became common. † (Scott). As the times began to change, the clothes and their designers followed suit.Style and design of fashion changed as women's clothing became â€Å"lighter (due to less material and new synthetic fabrics) and brighter and shorter that ever before† (Scott). Fashion designers experimented with colors, patterns, and fabrics for textures. Evening dresses, coats and Jackets were often trimmed with fur. Hemlines rose for most of the decade† (Scott). One of the influential designers of the decade was Hattie Carnegie, known for her â€Å"personal taste and fashion sense, [which] influen ced the styles worn by countless American women† (Shaw). She sought to â€Å"interpret European style for American consumers† and her style was welcomed as it had â€Å"a guarantee of sophistication and propriety' (Shaw). Carnegie had â€Å"an approach to fashion that emphasized consummate polish in every outfit† (Shaw). Eventually she â€Å"made her name synonymous with American high fashion for almost half a century' (Shaw). â€Å"The Carnegie customer, whatever her age, seems to have been neither girlish nor attorney, but possessed of a certain decorousness† portraying the turn in attitude as well as fashion (Shaw).As the event of changing style, different fabrics were introduced changing the shape, feel, and mood of fashion. â€Å"The sass opened with an explosion of color† as the education of fabric became known and lines were becoming more demonstrated through out the style (Herald 6). Hattie Carnegie â€Å"often stressed the importance of black as a wardrobe basic for both day and evening† (Shaw). The color blue was known as â€Å"a standard color for woman's dress† in the sass's (Scott). Fashion designers used color to portray different emotions.Colors such as green were notorious for being â€Å"very restful to the eye [as] light orange is too bright to be used freely' (Scott). Later the â€Å"Barberry Company introduced its trademark red/camel/black-and-white check in the twenties as a lining for the trench coat† that is still popular today (Herald 6). As women were beginning to understand the use of the textiles, they began to see their â€Å"possibilities and make the most of them† (Scott). Fashion helped the women express their individuality as their role of the ‘new woman' was taking form.The transformation in American culture and society would not have been possible without World War l. Whether it was the celebrations for the end of the war or the results of 18th and 19th Ame ndments, society transformed from traditional values to new, enlightened customs. The celebrations, speakeasies, and superfluous lifestyles demented change and woman paved the way with fashion. Not only did women's fashion change, the new ‘modern women' was born. During this era known as the ‘Roaring Twenties' women were given the right to vote and more importantly, the right to live more freely throughout society.

Personal preferences Essays

Personal preferences Essays Personal preferences Paper Personal preferences Paper Be considered as an individual, to be listened to and have their wishes and feelings taken into account when decisions are made concerning their welfare A child care and education worker should focus on an individual childs personality as a relationship is built up, not ethnicity, religion or background. They should also promote a broad range of cultures, religions and beliefs by valuing and exploring differences with children in their care. Childrens sense of belonging to their culture is very important part of their lives and needs to be acknowledged and valued. Any personal preferences and prejudices must be put aside; all children should be treated with respect and dignity irrespective of their ethnic origin, religion or socio-economic group. Bruce and Meggitt (2002) Children pick up attitudes and morals from watching others and view the C. C. E. W. as a role model. A good C. C. E. W. would consider the cultural differences and practices before jumping to conclusions about a situation (e. g. beat in British terms would mean forceful hitting, but in Caribbean it means smack). Also, the role of the C. C. E. W. would be very important in dealing with any negative incidents promptly. Actions and words mentioned by the adults around the children could have lasting effects on the development of self-esteem, which shows that, Early Years Practitioners have a strong role in promoting equal opportunities within their settings they need to make sure every child feels valued and also that children learn to value and respect others Tassoni (2002) A child care and education student should be a good role model for children to see. Personal beliefs, attitudes and prejudices should not discriminate against children or families. All skin colours should be portrayed in a positive way. The student should offer to expand childrens learning opportunities through knowledge and understanding of the world, food, music, language etc. Questions regarding suitability of activities for all children should be asked before carrying them out, encouraging cooperation and pleasantness through interactions with children. The student should look out for ways to value all children, trying not favour one child over another, promoting positive self images in children from all family backgrounds and encourage caring attitudes. Questions from children regarding race, culture or religion should be answered honestly using appropriate language. A culture, religion, language or lifestyle should not be promoted as superior to another; however a childs first language should be respected.

Albert Einstein Flashcards Example for Free (#11)

Albert Einstein Who called him public enemy number one? Why? Hitler, because he didn’t help build the atomic bomb so he wanted to make Einstein look like he betrayed Germany What president did he write a letter to and why? Roosevelt, to warn him about Germany planning to build an atomic bomb When did he win a nobel prize and what for? 1922 and for his photoelectric theory How old was he when he built a 14 story house of cards? Einstein was a pacifist, which meant†¦ He doesn’t believe in solving problems with violence When and by who was he asked to be president? How many wives and children did he have? What did he say Americas worst disease was? Why do we not know his dying words? They were said in German, the nurse in the room was American What inspired him to be a scientist? A compass he got when he was young, fascinated by the invisible force moving the hand When was he born and when did he die? Born – March 14 1879 Died April 18th 1955 Why did he charge money for his autographs? So he could donate the money to charity What magazine voted him person of the century? He loved sailing†¦ why was this ironic? When he came to America what did he work as? A professor in Princeton NJ, made $10,000 a year Thomas Harvey for 20 years, kept it in his car trunk He had an abdominal aneurysm, refused surgery and bled to death We use cookies to give you the best experience possible. By continuing we’ll assume you’re on board with our cookie policy We will write a custom sample essay on

Ocular Centrism and the Other Senses Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Ocular Centrism and the Other Senses - Essay Example The author traces such an ocular centric culture from the renaissance era during which individualism took shape and found more application during the industrial era of the 19th and 20th century that have led to the present technological dependence of mankind, however, he also cites a few examples of ocular centric architecture as early as the age of the Greeks. In addition, the author feels that significance given to the power of sight has been witnessed in the architectural structures and the culture of the respective periods. For example, a person with blindness is considered severely disabled when compared to one who is deaf. The ocular centric nature of succeeding cultures has not only led to an increasing dominance of sight and its influence of culture, it has led to ignorance of the other senses which has also influenced architecture by making it one – dimensional. In order to prove this point, the author examines various structures of the past that have qualities absent in contemporary architecture. For example, the author explains the use of light and shadows in some famous structures and how a lack or limited amount of light contributes to the aesthetic beauty of a structure. He also goes to propose that light in the use of today's structures invades privacy and has other effects such as limiting the creativity of the human mind. With respect to sound, he says that although it has been taken into account in today's buildings, they do not aid the effects of hearing such as its interactive ability which was incorporated in structures of the past. Similarly, the power of smell and touch have not only shown to be important factors in architecture, they are shown to have an influence on the human mind itself. Therefore, by ignoring these senses in creating architecture, western culture has also experienced a significant reduction in the qualities that is attached to these senses such as intimacy which is associated with touch, warmth associated with smell and interactivity associated with hearing, etc. Therefore, the resulting structures are one-dimensional in nature and do not engage the individual as intensely as with structures of the past. Hence, architecture needs to encompass the variety of senses and emotions experienced by an artist rather than the dominating sense alone. The author also establishes that art is as much an interaction between the viewer and the structure as it is with the quality of the structure alone. Ocular centrism has not only led to a one-dimensionality of the structures but also a corresponding quality in today's artists that significantly decreases the quality of contemporary art. Today's structures are built with the idea of optimality and rationality than through the experiences of the artist. The author also cites simple buildings such as hospitals and houses for this purpose (Pallasmaa, 285-296). Human Rootedness The author's remarks are significant because of the importance of architecture i n human life. Architecture is a reflection of the characteristics of the culture of the particular period. It is the same reason architecture is studied in such detail while endeavoring to know about the nature of past civilizations. Architecture and other forms of art deal with questions that have been at the centre of man's imagination ever since civilization took shape. This is evidenced in the ancient cave paintings around the world to the relatively